The Night Prayer (Qiyaam al-Layl)

The Night Prayer (Qiyaam al-Layl)




What is Qiyaam al-Layl?

Qiyaam' means 'standing' and 'Qiyaam al-Layl' means 'standing in night.' In the Islamic terminology, both terms refer to 'the voluntary night prayer, whose time extends from after 'Ishaa’ (evening) prayer until dawn.' Qiyaam al-Layl is also known as Tahajjud.

A widespread misconception is that Tahajjud is a different night prayer than Qiyaam. The true is that there is only one voluntary night prayer known by different names.

The excellence of night prayer:

Numerous Prophetic narrations and Quranic verses mention the excellence of night prayer and the merit of those who perform it regularly. Allaah The Almighty, Says (what means): "O you who wraps himself [in clothing], arise [to pray] the night, except for a little – half of it – or subtract from it a littleor add to it, and recite the Quran with measured recitation."[Quran 73: 1-4]

It is reported that the Messenger of Allaah said: “Allaah, Our Lord, descends (in a manner befitting His Majesty) to the nearest heaven to us of this universe during the last third of the night and says: ‘Is there anyone to call upon Me so that I shall respond to him (fulfill his prayer). Is there anyone to ask of Me that I may grant his request. Is there anyone to seek My forgiveness so that I shall pardon him (and forgive his sins)’.” [Al-Bukhaari and Muslim]

Aa'ishah reported that the Prophet said: “The most beloved deeds to Allaah are the most constant, even if they were little” [Al-Bukhaari and Muslim], and she said in another narration: “Do not ever stop praying Qiyaam. The Prophet never ceased praying it. When he was sick or weak, he prayed sitting.” [Al-Bukhaari and Muslim]

The Messenger of Allaah in another Hadeeth, said: "The closest one can be to Allaah The Almighty, is during the last third of the night. If one can remember Allaah The Almighty, at this time let him do so." [At-Tirmithi, An-Nasaa'i and Al-Haaqim]

The Prophet also said: “You should pray Qiyaam al-Layl, for it is the habit of the righteous people who came before you, and it will bring you closer to your Lord, expiate for bad deeds, prevent sin, and expel disease from the body.”[At-Tirmithi and Ahmad]

Mu'ath Ibn Jabal narrated that the Prophet said to him: “May I show you the gates of goodness?' (They are) “Fasting is screen from Hell, charity extinguishes the sins as water extinguishes fire, standing in prayer by a slave of Allaah during the last third part of a night.” Then the Prophet recited this verse (what means):“They arise from [their] beds; they supplicate their Lord in fear and aspiration…" (Quran 32: 16) [Abu Daawood and At-Tirmithi]

Abu Hurayrah reported that the Messenger of Allaah said: “The best of prayer after those prescribed (i.e. obligatory prayer) is that in the depth of night.” [Muslim]

Abu Hurayrah also reported that the Messenger of Allaah said: “May Allaah have mercy on a man who wakes up at night, prays, and wakes his wife to pray; and if she refuses, he sprinkles water on her face. And may Allaah have mercy on a woman who wakes up at night, prays, and wakes her husband to pray; and if he refuses, she sprinkles water on his face.” [Abu Daawood]

Abdullaah Ibn Bashr reported Allaah's Messenger saying: “Whoever prays night prayer reciting ten verses, he will not be recorded among the negligent. Whoever prays night prayer reciting one hundred verses, he will be recorded among the devout. And whoever prays night prayer reciting one thousand verses, he will be recorded among those with a multitude of good deeds.”[Abu Daawood]

Again, the Prophet said: "Verily, there is one hour during the (entire) night when any Muslim (submitting to the Will of Allaah the Almighty) may call upon Allaah and request anything of Him, regardless of whether the matter be worldly or of the hereafter. Allaah, theAlmighty will grant and fulfill the request. This is the case every night." [Muslim]

Those who regularly perform the night prayers are the righteous and are more deserving of Allaah's bounty and mercy. Allaah Says (what means): "Indeed, the righteous will be among gardens and springs,accepting what their Lord has given them. Indeed, they were before that doers of good.They used to sleep but little of the night,and in the hours before dawn they would ask forgiveness." [Quran 51: 15-18]

Allaah Says that those who do not possess these qualities cannot be treated as equal to those who possess them. He The Almighty Says (what means): "Is one who is devoutly obedient during periods of the night, prostrating and standing [in prayer], fearing the Hereafter and hoping for the mercy of his Lord, [like one who does not]? Say, "Are those who know equal to those who do not know?" Only they will remember [who are] people of understanding.''[Quran 39: 9]

Etiquettes of night prayer:

The following acts are Sunnah (recommended) for the one who wishes to perform the night prayers. Upon going to sleep, one should make the intention to perform the prayers. Abu Ad-Dardaa' related that the Prophet said: "Whoever goes to his bed with the intention of getting up and praying during the night, and sleep overcomes him until the morning comes, he will have recorded for him what he had intended, and his sleep will be a charity for him from his Lord."[An-Nasaa'i and Ibn Maajah]

Upon waking, one should wipe one's face, use a Miswaak (toothstick), and make this supplication: "There is no god but You, Glory be to You, I seek forgiveness from You for my sins, and I ask for Your mercy. O Allaah, increase my knowledge and let my heart not swerve after You have guided me, and bestow mercy upon me from Yourself. All praise be to Allaah who has given us back life after our death and unto Him is the resurrection."

Then, one should recite the last ten verses of chapter 'Al-'Imraan', then one should say, "O Allaah, to You belongs the praise. You are the Light of the heavens and the earth and what is therein. And to You belongs the praise. You are the truth and Your promise is true. And the meeting with You is true. And the paradise is true. And the Fire is true. And the prophets are true. And Muhammad is true. And the Hour is true. O Allaah, to You have I submitted. And in You have I believed. And in You have I put my trust. And to You have I turned. And by You I argue. And to You do I turn for my decisions. Forgive me of my former and latter sins, and those done in private and those done in public. You are Allaah, there is no god besides You."

One should begin the night prayer with two quick Rak'ahs and then may pray whatever he wishes after that. 'Aa'ishah said: "When the Prophet prayed during the late-night, he would begin his prayers with two quick Rak'ahs." [Muslim]

The recommended time for night prayer:

The night prayer may be performed in the early part of the night, the middle part of the night, or the latter part of the night, but after the obligatory 'Ishaa' (evening) prayer.

Anas described the prayer of the Prophet as: "If we wanted to see him praying during the night, we could see him praying. If we wanted to see him sleeping during the night, we could see him sleeping. And sometimes he would fast for so many days that we thought he would not leave fasting throughout that month. And sometimes he would not fast (for so many days) that we thought he would not fast during that month." [Al-Bukhaari, Ahmad and An-Nasaa' i]

Commenting on this subject, Ibn Hajar said: "There was no specific time in which the Prophet would perform his night prayer, but he would do whatever was easiest for him."

Best time for night prayer:

It is best to delay this prayer to the last third portion of the night. Abu Hurayrah reported that the Prophet said: "Our Lord descends to the lowest heaven during the last third of the night, inquiring: 'Who will call on Me so that I may respond to him? Who is asking something of Me so I may give it to him? Who is asking for My forgiveness so I may forgive him?"'
'Amr Ibn Abasah reported that he heard the Prophet say: "The closest that a slave comes to his Lord is during the middle of the latter portion of the night. If you can be among those who remember Allaah, the Exalted One, at that time then do so." [Al-Haakim, At-Tirmithi and An-Nasaa'i]

The number of Rak'ahs (units of prayer) to be performed during night prayer:

The night prayer does not entail a specific number of Rak'ahs which must be performed nor is there any maximum limit which has to be performed. It would be fulfilled even if one just prayed one Rak'ah of Witr after the obligatory night prayer.

Samurah Ibn Jundub said: "The Messenger of Allaah ordered us to pray during the night, a little or a lot, and to make the last of the prayer the Witr prayer." [At-Tabaraani and Al-Bazzaar]

It is preferable to pray eleven or thirteen Rak'ahs for night prayer:

One may choose between praying them all together or to separate them. 'Aa'ishah said: "The Messenger of Allaah never prayed more than eleven Rak'ahs, during Ramadhaan or otherwise. He would pray four Rak'ahs, and don't ask about how excellent they were or how lengthy they were. Then, he would pray four Rak'ahs, and don't ask about how excellent they were or how lengthy they were. Then, he would pray three Rak'ahs. I asked: 'O Messenger of Allaah, do you sleep before praying Witr?' He replied: 'O 'Aa'ishah, my eyes sleep but my heart does not sleep."' [Al-Bukhaari and Muslim]

'Aa'ishah said: "The prayer of the Messenger of Allaah during the night would be ten Rak'ahs and then he would make Witr with one Rak'ah."

The Prayer is the first pillar of Islam that the Prophet mentioned after that of uttering the Testimony of Faith, by which one becomes a Muslim. It is a form of worship consisting of specific statements and actions. It begins by pronouncing the Greatness of Allaah (Allaahu Akbar), and is concluded with salutations (As-Salaamu ‘alaykum wa rahmatullaah).

The Prayer was the only order that was commanded by Allaah directly to His Messenger during his night journey. Allaah Says (what means): “Exalted is He who took His slave [i.e. Prophet Muhammad] by night from Al-Masjid Al-Haraam to Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa, whose surroundings We have blessed, to show him of Our signs. Indeed, He is the Hearing, the Seeing." [Quran 17: 1] Prayer was also obligatory upon all the prophets, may Allaah exalt their mention, and their nations.

Additionally, it was the first act of worship that was made obligatory by Allaah on every believer.

The status and virtue of the Prayer:

The Prayer has a great status in Islam; a status which no other act of worship holds. It is the spinal cord of the religion, without which the religion itself cannot be established. The Prophet said regarding it: “The head of the matter is Islam, its spinal cord is the prayer, and its highest pinnacle is ‘Jihaad’ in the way of Allaah.” [Muslim]

In the Quran, Allaah ordains us hundreds of times to establish the Prayer. Allaah Says (what means): “…Indeed, prayer has been decreed upon the believers a decree of specified times…” [Quran 4: 103] And (what means): “Establish the Prayer, and give Zakaat (poor-due) and bow with those who bow (in worship and obedience).” [Quran 2: 43]

The Prophet said: "Islam is built upon five pillars: Bearing witness that none is worthy of worship but Allaah and that Prophet Muhammad is His Messenger, establishing the Prayer, paying Zakaah, observing Fast in Ramadhaan and performing Hajj.” [Al-Bukhaari and Muslim]

The significance of Prayer is so great that one is ordered to observe it whether traveling or not, in safety or in fear. Allaah Says (what means): “Be guardians of your prayers, and of the midmost prayer, and stand up with devotion to Allaah. And if you go in fear, then (pray) standing or on horseback. And when you are again in safety, remember Allaah, as He has taught you that which (heretofore) you knew not.” [Quran 2: 238-239]

Moreover, it is the first act that the person will be held accountable for on the Day of Recompense. The Prophet said: "The first act that the slave will be held accountable for on the Day of Judgment will be the Prayer. If it is good, then the rest of his deeds will be good. And if it is bad, then the rest of his deeds will be bad." [At-Tabaraani]

The Prayer is the best and most noble of deeds. It is the link between the believer and his Lord. Through the Prayer, the slave communicates with his Lord five times a day. To demonstrate the greatness and virtues of performing prayer, the Prophet said: “If the time for a prescribed prayer comes, and a Muslim performs ablution properly, (and then offers his prayer) with humbleness and bowing (to Allaah), it will be an expiation for his past sins, so long as he has not committed a major sin; and this is applicable to all times.” [Muslim]

The Messenger of Allaah beautifully gave a similitude, to the one who performs the Prayer in the prescribed manner and time, by these great words: “The five daily prayers are like a deep river flowing by the door of any of you, in which he bathes five times every day.” [Muslim]

The Prayer is the last thing that the Prophet reminded his nation with before he died, saying: “Guard your Prayer, guard your prayer and fear Allaah regarding what your right hand possesses (i.e. slaves).” [Imaam Ahmad]

The impact of praying:

The relationship with Allaah is demonstrated and put into practice, as well as improved and increased by the prayer. Therefore, if the prayers are sound and proper, the rest of the deeds will be sound and proper; and if the prayers are not sound and proper, then the rest of the deeds will not be sound and proper.

The spirit of the Prayer should be sincerity, devotion and contemplation. It is meant to strengthen the faith, purify and chasten the soul, qualify the believer for salvation in this life and the Hereafter and to make him shun immorality and evil deeds. Allaah Says (what means): “Recite [O Muhammad] what has been revealed to you of the Book and establish the Prayer. Indeed, prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing, and the remembrance of Allaah is greater. And Allaah knows that which you do." [Quran 29: 45]

Moreover, its aim is to generate within the subliminal self of man such spiritual power, light of faith and awareness of Allaah as can enable him to strive successfully against all kinds of evils and temptations and remain steadfast at times of trial and adversity. The Prayer is so effective and soothing to the heart that the Prophet would resort to it whenever anything grieved him and would say to Bilaal : “O Bilaal! Comfort our hearts with it (i.e. call Iqaamah for Prayer).” [Ahmad]

The overall effect that the properly performed prayers should have upon humans is described in many verses of the Quran such as (which means): “Indeed, mankind was created anxious. When evil touches him, impatient, and when good touches him, withholding [of it], except the observers of prayer —those who are constant in their prayer.” [Quran 70: 19-23]